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I am a qualified vet nurse and dog trainer. Standard mushrooms that we eat ARE NOT toxic to dogs, however many people advise against feeding mushrooms because a dog may eat a poisonous one by mistake.
However, by my understanding you just want him to find mushrooms, not eat them. I suggest not feeding him any mushrooms at all otherwise he may eat the mushrooms before you are able to grab them.
To train your dog, he must have a really reliable sit command and by this I mean he will respond 1st time, every time in most situations.
Once that is established, get some of the mushrooms you want him to find.
Show him the mushroom, allow him to sniff it and tell him to sit straight away. When he does, reward him with a tasty dog treat.
Keep doing this until he will sit automatically each time you show him the mushroom.
Once he does this, get a sample of mushrooms you don't won't him to find. Start off showing him the edible mushroom and rewarding a sit response. Then show him the non-edible mushroom. If he sits, completely ignore him (no eye contact, no talking to him and no touching).
Alternate the edible mushrooms and the non-edible mushrooms.
He will soon be able to distinguish between the different scents. He will sit with an edible mushroom and not sit with a non-edible one. This way you will know which mushrooms to pick for yourself.
Once he has grasped the idea of the different scented mushrooms, put the mushrooms in containers with holes in them and lay them out alternating in a line. Make sure he can't get into the containers. Walk your dog along the line and allow him to sniff the mushrooms, reward him when he sits at the edible mushrooms and ignore if he sits at the non-edible mushrooms. Mix up the containers and try again.
When you feel you are ready, try this out in the feild. Keep him on lead at first.
I have not personally tried this with a dog, but this is how they have been able to teach dogs to detect drugs, fruit, plants and even pirated DVD's. It may take a while, but be patient.
Dogs have a sense of smell 40,000 times better than ours. They can easily pick up what may be a slight difference in scent to us.
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http://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/10247655#10247655voishan sitä koiran viedä mahdollisille silokkimestoille ja katsoa sitten itse että natsasko oikeat tatit tällä kertaa,ettei tarvitse itse vaivautua tonkimaan tyhjiä mättäitä laiskana ..